1. Improved oil production process The residual amount of free gossypol in cottonseed cake is greatly affected by the oil production process and processing conditions. Wet heat treatment, pressing, tearing and some organic solvent extraction in the oil-making process Both cottonseed pigment glands can be destroyed and free gossypol can be released. These free gossypol are directly discharged with cottonseed oil. The wet heat treatment causes the reactive group of free gossypol to combine with the free amino group of the protein or free amino acid to form a combined gossypol, thereby causing less lysine loss in the cottonseed cake. In order to eliminate free gossypol in the oil-making process and maintain the variety of cottonseed cake protein, the first pressure and post-dip method is adopted, that is, the preform is lightly steamed first (the steaming temperature is low, and the combination of gossypol formation is small, lysine) The loss is also small. Most of the cottonseed oil is extracted by an automatic screw press (most of the free gossypol is discharged with the cottonseed oil), and then the remaining cottonseed oil is leached from the oil sputum with an organic solvent. Therefore, the oil extraction process can fully purify the free gossypol and maintain the nutritional value of the cottonseed cake. 2. Adding ferrous sulfate detoxification during oil extraction In the steaming process of cottonseed oil extraction process, the atomized ferrous sulfate solution is added to obtain detoxified cottonseed oil and cake. The principle of detoxification Fe2+ in ferrous sulfate can combine with free gossypol to disable the active aldehyde group and hydroxyl group in free gossypol. The combination of ferrous ion and free gossypol is equimolar, but the ratio of Fe2+ to free gossypol is generally higher than 1: due to the combination of iron ion and free gossypol, such as the degree of pulverization and mixing uniformity. 1, to ensure the full binding of Fe2+ and free gossypol. However, iron should not be too high. It is generally believed that the total amount of iron ions in the diet should not exceed 500 mg/kg. Therefore, detoxified cottonseed meal and high quality oil can be obtained for feeding. 3. Puffing and detoxification There are reports at home and abroad that the cottonseed cake is detoxified by the expansion method, and the free gossypol content of the product is reduced to a safety standard. Table 5-10 is a domestic manufacturer, using the screw-pressed cottonseed cake as raw material, and the effect of detoxification treatment with a puffing machine. It can be seen that there is a significant difference in the puffing effect with or without the addition of the detoxifying agent. The detoxification effect of adding detoxification agent is remarkable. For the content of free gossypol in cottonseed cake is less than 0.08%, it can be expanded without detoxification, and the detoxification rate is 50% to 60%; at 0.08% or more, detoxification agent can be added before puffing, and the detoxification rate can be Up to 60% to 90% or higher. Both can meet safe feeding standards. Since the puffing time is short, the nutritional loss is small. 4. Solid-state fermentation detoxification Physical and chemical methods Detoxification has certain shortcomings, such as low detoxification rate, complicated equipment, high cost, and the reduction of nutritional value in cottonseed cake. Therefore, there is a need to find a method that is low in cost, high in efficiency, and simple in process and equipment. The microbial detoxification method is to detoxify the transformation and degradation of gossypol by the microbial fermentation process. This method produces faster, and can increase the nutritional value of cottonseed cake after fermentation. The microbial detoxification rate is above 65%, the total detoxification rate of cottonseed cake is over 78%, and the total detoxification rate of cotton kernel cake is 85% to 90%. After the microbial detoxification, the free gossypol in the cottonseed cake decreased below 0.01%, which met the prescribed safety standards and can be directly used as livestock and poultry feed. The microbial detoxification treatment is mild, does not destroy the original nutrients, but produces the bacterial proteins and vitamins while detoxifying. The bacterial protein contains high levels of amino acids, especially lysine and methionine. In addition, after the fungus is fermented, it can also produce aroma and improve palatability. This is the main point of microbial fermentation over other physical and chemical methods. 5. Separation of cottonseed pigment gland method According to the characteristics of gossypol concentrated on cottonseed pigment gland, a liquid cyclone is used to separate the pigment gland completely by the centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation. The free cotton in the cake Low phenol content, but high technical equipment and cost requirements.
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