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The support of countries for the research and development of electric vehicles will be conducive to the industrialization of electric vehicles. However, in the end, the industrialization of electric vehicles must still solve the technical problems faced by electric vehicles. The development of electric vehicles currently needs to solve three problems, motors, electronic controls and batteries. Among them, the battery is still the core technical problem (http://problem.k8008.com/), and countries all over the world are looking for more advanced electric vehicle battery technology.
In addition, for the promotion of electric vehicles in China, another problem still lies in the lack of "core technology", resulting in higher costs for domestic production of electric vehicles. It is still necessary to further master the core technology to change the situation of domestic auto manufacturers that "the thunder is loud and the rain is small". Many manufacturers are striving to break through the technical bottleneck (submit relevant technical problems or scientific and technological achievements to the Keyi network), and some technologies have been independently innovated.
For the most core battery technology, currently applicable to pure electric vehicles, including fuel cells and batteries, which can be classified as lead-acid batteries, nickel-based batteries (nickel-hydrogen and nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel and nickel) A zinc battery), a sodium battery (sodium-sulfur battery and sodium-nickel chloride battery), a secondary lithium battery, an air battery, and the like. Keyi.com analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the current mainstream lithium batteries, and summarizes the new technologies being developed in various countries. The perfect electric vehicle battery technology will appear in time.
Lead-acid batteries--
After a long period of development, lead-acid batteries have already entered maturity and have been widely used in electric buses. However, its shortcomings of low capacity, large volume and serious pollution make it gradually abandoned by some auto companies.
lithium battery--
The world's ** car with a lithium-ion battery is the Mercedes-Benz 2009 S400 hybrid, and more and more other car manufacturers are starting to do the same. It is understood that in the past 10 years, about 86% of the global electric vehicles will use lithium-ion batteries for power supply.
The lithium battery is the core power battery for electric vehicles. Compared with the well-developed lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries have high energy storage per unit weight and are not expensive, and are basically non-toxic. Therefore, new energy vehicles nowadays generally prefer lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese oxide batteries.
The main advantages of lithium-ion batteries:
1. The energy is relatively high. With high storage energy density, it has reached 460-600Wh/kg, which is about 6-7 times of lead-acid battery;
2, long service life, the service life can reach more than 6 years;
3, the rated voltage is high (the single working voltage is 3.7V or 3.2V);
4, with high power bearing capacity, which lithium iron phosphate lithium ion battery for electric vehicles can achieve 15-30C charge and discharge capacity, easy to start high-intensity acceleration;
5, the self-discharge rate is very low, which is one of the most outstanding advantages of the battery, currently can generally be 1% / month or less, less than 1 / 20 of nickel-hydrogen battery;
6, light weight, the weight of the same volume is about 1/5-6 of lead-acid products;
7, high temperature and low adaptability, can be used in the environment of -20 ° C -60 ° C, after the process of processing, can be used in -45 ° C environment;
8. Green and environmental protection, no matter whether it is produced, used or scrapped, it does not contain any toxic and harmful heavy metal elements and substances such as lead, mercury and cadmium.
The technical problems faced by lithium batteries (http://problem.k8008.com/) are:
1. The safety of lithium batteries. The hidden dangers of lithium batteries burning, burning and even exploding are still not completely eliminated.
2. Lithium-ion batteries need to protect the circuit to prevent the battery from being overcharged and discharged.
3. High production requirements and high cost.
At present, the lithium iron phosphate battery as a mainstream technology includes congenital defects such as large volume, heavy mass, slow charging, and short battery life.
Electric vehicle battery part ** technology -
1. Carbon nanotube battery. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a method for constructing new features of lithium-ion capacitors and cells using positive-coated carbon nanotubes, which incorporates a carbon nanotube coating in the oxidizing material and is combined with lithium. A large area generates current. This battery configuration is capable of storing approximately 5 times the amount of power of an existing lithium battery, and can also improve discharge capability and achieve ** performance.
2. New iron and carbon storage materials. The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany has developed a new type of iron-carbon storage material that can significantly improve the storage capacity of lithium batteries for electric vehicles and reduce the cost of batteries.
The researchers mixed and heated several raw materials with a lithium salt, creating a new nanostructured material with carbon nanotubes. This method creates a storage unit and a conductive circuit on a nanoscale material. Researchers say that this stable iron-carbon material has twice the storage capacity of existing energy storage materials, and the production process is simple, the cost is low, and its high performance can be maintained for a long time.
Dr. Maximilian Fichtner, who led the study, said that if the research team can fully exploit the potential of this new material, it will increase the storage density of lithium-ion batteries by five times in the future.
3. KOLIBRI technology. DBMEnergy has developed a forward-looking battery technology, the KOLIBRI AlphaPolymer Technologie, a complex intelligent system of high-quality individual components. During the test, the electric car traveled 605 kilometers without charging in the middle. Among them, the speed of 130 kilometers per hour and the average speed of 90 kilometers per hour brought great surprises to people.
The cruising of 600 kilometers on a single charge makes the electric vehicle's driving ability exactly the same as that of the traditional fuel vehicle, which will greatly promote the development of electric vehicles and accelerate its marketization. According to the researchers, the high performance of KOLIBRI batteries is based on complex membrane technology, which makes the battery highly stable and efficient. The layered structure of this battery eliminates the liquid electrolyte, reducing the heat generated at high current output, and the efficiency is thus increased to 97%. Moreover, the power contained in such a battery can be completely used without causing damage to the battery. Since the battery contains no heavy metals, toxic gases, liquids or acids inside, it does not cause any special pollution to the environment. In addition, the KOLIBRI battery has a very short charging time, and the battery charging time used in the test is only 20 minutes. What is even more exciting is that the battery has a service life of up to 500,000 kilometers.
Although this technology seems to have solved the basic problems of battery technology, the battery is not yet mass-produced, so it is not yet on the market. The battery lacks information such as cost and safety that are essential for everyday applications.
Electric vehicle development battery is still the biggest technical problem
New energy vehicles - the boom of electric vehicles is higher than the waves, but what is the practical application? In a foreign test, the lack of electric vehicle infrastructure, insufficient mileage and charging costs, and high prices have all become reasons why consumers will not consider buying electric vehicles.