Exploring the problems related to replacing wheat with wheat in poultry

China's feed resources are insufficient, especially the energy feed gap is larger. The main raw material for energy feed has long been corn. In recent years, the chemical industry (such as lysine, ethanol, starch, wine, etc.) that uses corn as a raw material has developed rapidly, resulting in an increasingly tight supply of corn. In addition, the wheat output has increased year by year, resulting in the price of wheat in various regions this year is often lower than the corn 100 yuan / ton, forming the price of wheat and corn upside down. This provides a cost basis for wheat to be used as livestock feed. This article briefly summarizes the application techniques of wheat instead of corn for reference by feed enterprises and aquaculture enterprises.

1. Application condition

The total energy difference between corn and wheat is very small, but because wheat contains 6-8% arabinoxylan, the feed has a large viscosity in the digestive tract, which leads to low digestibility of wheat nutrition. Partial replacement of corn with wheat can effectively save some protein raw materials such as soybean meal. The amino acid content of wheat is higher than that of corn, but it is significantly lower than that of soybean meal. If the crude protein level of wheat is kept at the original level after replacing corn, some of the soybean meal consumption will decrease. The drop in amino acids (lysine, threonine, etc.) cannot be compensated for with wheat. Synthetic amino acids must be added to maintain the amino acid content, and the results sometimes exceed the cost of the pre-replacement formulation. It is recommended that the wheat should be appropriately replaced with corn to improve the crude protein level of the formula and focus on the amino acid balance.

In summary, the addition of wheat enzymes, when the price per kilogram of wheat is 0.1 yuan lower than corn, you can consider a large proportion of wheat instead of corn to achieve the purpose of reducing costs.

2. Replacement ratio

Taking the corn-soybean-type formula as an example, the following suggestions are made. When using chowder or bran, reduce the substitution ratio appropriately.

The amount of wheat used in poultry diets: 10-20% for young birds; 20-30% for medium and large eggs, and must be supplemented with wheat-specific enzymes or complex enzymes based on xylanase.

3. Recipe adjustment

3.1 Energy

The metabolic energy of wheat to chicken is 3040 Kcal/Kg, which is lower than that of corn 200 Kcal/Kg. If wheat replaces 30% of corn, the energy drop is 40 Kcal/Kg, and the addition of wheat enzyme is enough to cause a decline in production performance. A large number of domestic and foreign studies have shown that the addition of xylanase can increase the poultry metabolism of wheat diet by 6-7%, and increase the apparent metabolizable energy of wheat by about 7% (140-230Kcal/kg). Under the action of enzymes (guarantee enzyme activity rather than enzyme amount), wheat metabolism to poultry is increased from 3040 Kcal/Kg to 3250 Kcal/Kg, which is equivalent to corn. In the case of enzyme addition, the metabolic energy of wheat can be equal to corn. Make a recipe.

3.2 crude protein

When wheat prices are lower than corn, simply replacing corn with wheat can increase the level of amino acids in the diet. According to the principle of nutritional balance, the same crude protein, the metabolic energy of wheat formula, threonine, lysine is low, need to add oil, threonine, lysine, etc., which is not economical. Especially in pig feed, simple replacement is more economical.

3.3 linoleic acid

Linoleic acid is one of the essential fatty acids. The diet contains 0.1% linoleic acid to meet the needs of pigs. Simply replacing wheat with wheat does not cause linoleic acid deficiency. The diet contains 1-1.5% linoleic acid to meet the needs of poultry. The linoleic acid content of wheat is only 0.88%, which is much lower than the 2% content of corn. Therefore, linoleic acid must be the most important nutritional index. It is often necessary to add expensive grease. Considering the nutritional balance and egg-to-energy ratio, the wheat dosage is controlled within 40%, and an economically viable formula can be obtained.

3.4 Biotin

The bioavailability of biotin in wheat is very low, ranging from 5-55%.

3.4.1 When using a vitamin premix that does not consider the formulation ingredients, no additional additions are considered;

3.4.2 When the amount of soybean meal reaches about 20% of the diet, the poultry diet may be added without consideration;

3.4.3 When using a vitamin premix considering the formula ingredients, an additional 50 mg/kg biotin can be used, and the full price is 200 mg/kg.

3.5 phosphorus

Wheat contains natural phytase, high phosphorus content, higher utilization than corn, and can reduce the amount of inorganic phosphorus.

3.6 pigment

Wheat contains 2ppm pigment only 1/9 of corn. For artificial chicken, artificial artificial pigment or corn protein powder or alfalfa powder should be added. White chicken can be ignored.

3.7 other

3.7.1 The crude protein of wheat is highly variable, so it should be tested first;

3.7.2 Wheat contaminated with Gibberella has a similar estrogen effect.

4. Processing control

Wheat as a feed for livestock and poultry cannot be smashed too fine, otherwise the palatability will affect palatability and the feed intake will decrease. It is recommended that one grain of wheat be pulverized into 4-6 granules. This has a good digestibility, high feed returns, and good liquidity. It is advisable to select 3-3.5mm for the hammer mill sieve.

5. Use process

In the refueling process, the ratio should be gradually increased by a small proportion, and the refueling process should be completed in about 7-10 days.