Fire interpretation: What does the word fire mean?

Do you know what fire means? If you ask the Chinese, there is only one answer for almost everyone. This answer is wrong. As a firefighter who started 18 years ago, I totally misinterpreted the meaning of firefighting. I suddenly understood the intent of Japanese firefighting. Therefore, I believe that there are few Chinese people who understand the meaning of fire unless he understands Japanese and he also knows the firefighting work of ancient fires. The work flow can understand the original meaning of "firefighting".

The concept of "firefighting" was introduced to China in 1902 with the police system. The word is recorded in the "Liang Ci Yuan" of the Yanbo Bookstore in Japan as follows: "Fire fighting and fire prevention. Eliminating fires, preventing burning, and saving lives. Preventing fires. And to defend against floods.” The word “elimination” is well understood. To use water to extinguish a fire, it is called “eliminating”. In the Spring and Autumn Period, “婊??rdquo;, the Han Dynasty used “firefighting”, and the Song Dynasty used “sneak fire” in modern times. "Fire extinguishing" means to extinguish fire with water. "Defense" is very difficult to understand, and its intention in Japanese is to prevent the spread of fire. Here, fire prevention is to prevent the spread of fire, or to extinguish fire. It is the same (fighting). Therefore, the "defense" in Japanese is completely different from the fire prevention. The Japanese did not learn the "anti-rescuing quitting" theory of the Eastern Han Dynasty. [1] Most of the Chinese People are looking at "firefighting" according to Junyue's point of view and completely misinterpret the intent of firefighting.

On the Other hand, in the statement " 119 Firefighting Encyclopedia" issued by Osaka City Fire Station, a corporation (firearms corporation) of the Osaka City Firefighting Promotion Association , wrote: "The difference between firefighting and the police... First, the 'policeman' The word, it is a shortened version of the word “warning and inspection”, and “firefighting” is an abbreviation for “firefighting and fireproofing.” Here, fire suppression is fire fighting, and fire protection is also fire fighting, so fire and fire prevention are It is fire extinguishing, so its intention is Firefighting .

In the Edo period of Japan, the word fire started to appear. It was first seen in the 9th year of the Hengbao ( 17th year of the Qing emperor Yongzheng period), and the “Wang Renqianshu” of Xincang County, Wuzhou, said, “In the event of a fire, the village The 'firefighting' in the record arrived. During the Yongzheng years, the global climate began to turn cold, and the cold current brought the situation of “cold and dry and dry”. Therefore, the Forbidden City imported foreign pumps in 1723 , Yongzheng Six Years ( 1728 ) and Yongzheng Eleventh Year (1733) . Separately squatted to improve the preparation of fire-fighting equipment. Therefore, the cold phase of the fire at that time (ie, the heat) helped Japan propose the concept of 'firefighting'. The fire technology at that time was backward. As shown in the figure below, fire extinguishing mainly relied on buckets (fire fighting) and hooking forks (fire prevention). Therefore, the concept of 'fire fighting' was consistent with the fact that the fire extinguishing means was behind this reality. Even today, the Chinese fire-fighting teams with modern fire-fighting equipment still have to put out their fires through the demolition of houses in the face of the Dukezong fire, that is, the “prevention of the spread of fire” in Japanese.

In the period of Beijing Public Security ( 1716 ), a group of Japanese fire-defeating people rushed to the fire. Their main fire-fighting tools were ladders (transmitting water buckets, splashing water at high altitudes, because there was no pump at the time, this was a firefighting), and the hooks were forklifts. Walls, isolated fuel, which is fireproof), as well as lanterns and flags (lighting, morale boost, coordinated action).

By the way, it is worth mentioning that “Haixian County” pointed out that “The water dragon originated in Japan and was first introduced from Japan in the first year of the Shunzhi period ( around 1654 ) in Shanghai county Tangmou.” This is a misunderstanding because Japan did not pump at that time. , Japan's pump is the "Dragon Spit Water," which was manufactured with the help of two Dutch technicians in 1752. The pump is very clumsy, so in 1782 Japan would also introduce more advanced pumps from the west (possibly a Newshame type pump). ). The pump in China was published and popularized with the “Far-Schitecture Map” , in Hangzhou (Gold?) in 1686 , in Jining (Jin Gao) in Shandong in 1720 , and in Suzhou (Cheng Yutai) in 1746 . Replicated by local craftsmen. Therefore, the argument that “the pump is from Japan” is that the late Qing Xu Xu [2] copied the book and misunderstood it. In fact, it is easy for us to identify his fallacies. “Forty-eight external water dragons in the city are subordinated to two hundred.” That means 200 people operate 48 water dragons. This is impossible. A water dragon normally requires 28 people to operate [3] , so the water dragon he wrote is a single-operated water gun, or water sluice. This was the technique introduced by Qian Yu from Arabia during the late Tang and the Five Dynasties. It may have been learned by Japan. Therefore, Tang Mou was only able to introduce water guns during the Shunzhi period because Japan did not have a water dragon at that time.

Speaking of fire this concept, if you are in the United States, refers to a fire extinguishing (firefighting), fire (fire administration), Mitigation (Disaster relief) and emergency (paramedical). If you are in China, fire protection refers to fire fighting and special services. The latter has the meaning of reducing disasters and rescuing people. However, the investment is insufficient. Therefore, the rescue of people depends on the hospital (Shenzhen tragedy). The disaster relief depends on the army of the State Council (earthquake mitigation Bureau) These are not people-oriented practices, but they are in line with China's traditional definition of fire protection. This is the inevitable result of the lack of fire protection in our country's history. Even in Japan, there are links for disaster reduction in firefighting. China does not, because history and culture do not have this concept, that is, there is no concept of firefighting.

In addition to the militarized firefighting teams that were confined to Hangzhou in the 13th century, China has always pursued the "Chen does not save the fire and promises not to rescue the disaster." Specifically, it is to let the people "self-help", regardless of the government, such as the Northern Song Dynasty. “The Wujia System” [4] , the “ Sixth System” of the Southern Song Dynasty [5] , the “Fire System” of the Ming Dynasty [6] , the “Water Dragon Club” and the “Fire Fighting Club” in the Qing Dynasty were all civil fires for self-help. organization. China has never considered the issue of disaster relief for the people at the institutional and technical levels. If there are local officials who consider disaster mitigation, it is his own personal affairs that are not at the institutional level. In 1902 , at the time of Yuan Shikai’s introduction of the police system, he introduced the Japanese fire protection system. The concept of fire fighting at that time included the fire disaster, that is, the broad disaster reduction. However, the current firefighting system has returned to Japan's original intention, that is, to extinguish fire, regardless of fire prevention or disaster relief. This is the inertia of our country's thousands of years of history and culture. To put it this way, this is the fire with Chinese characteristics and it has nothing to do with the world trend.

Do you know that Chinese fire is what does it mean? I also just discovered that the people lack the concept of fire protection. Everyone thinks that they understand fire protection very well. This is a natural result of the concept of fire. It is historically and partly misunderstood.

[1] The Eastern Han historian Ruan Yue further pointed out in the “Samphire of Shen Jian” that there are three techniques for Jinzhong: One day, two days, and three days. Before it is known as the defense, it is called the rescue, and it is the responsibility of the line. The defense is the upper, the second is the rescue, and the lower is the lower. Shen Jian Miscellaneous

[2] At the beginning of Shunzhizhi, Shanghai Tangmou had a system of water dragons in Japan. His system was transmitted for a long time. His practice was in Tianjin, and the water dragon was 48 in the city. Each of them was affiliated with 200 people. Everyone is indigenous. Martial arts is practiced on a regular basis. When there is no problem, he still holds a permanent business. "Clearance Banknotes"

[3] Guo Yan, “Xiang Yin County Chronicle,” Tongzhi Version

[4] North Song Qing calendar year (1041 - 1048) published an "outline counties' administrative measures on behalf of the fire counties local government. Among them, the amendments to fire include: "Foreman and Prison, each of the four courtyards should be equipped with a large vessel for water storage; on the other side, equipment for water is not to be measured. Five members of the public group are A, and each of the water storage devices In the door, the fire-breathing apparatus is divided and must be erected for the purpose of setting up four orders, each of which will be chosen by the ruler. The fourth commander will be always one official. There is no essay, there is a set of priorities, and there is a set of positions available. If there is no preparation, there is no way to take advantage of the situation. If it is urgent and urgent, it should be added.” This shows that there was no military patrol shop at that time, only local self-help fire fighting operations. (The five systems).

[5] The Southern Song Code "Qingyuan Article Law" ( published in 1202 ) made relevant regulations for civil fires: "Each ten people in the township of Zhuzhou County have become one (a ten) system. Select one household as the head of each household, and list the heads of households on a card, stamp or draw them and then transfer them to the first place for safekeeping. When a fire breaks out, one person from each family participates in the fire and is called by Jiatou. Investigate whether someone is guilty of dereliction of duty. At the same time, fire-fighting appliances are purchased by the government to supervise the fire fighting in the township."

[6] "Taizu performed fire A and good law. A total of one a day , five firefighters , sent along the gate , the rich hired , the poor self-serving. There is a drum , there is a bell there lanterns torches, holding one man, a man supporting a better, a more pedestrian ban three, three points just before dawn release the line. there are more shops, rain and snow can cover, can be arrested prisoners. In case of the spread of the a and B do, lights On the other hand , there was a good relationship between the weapons of the guns and the fire-fighting equipment, and there was a repair shop to repair the damage.” Gu Yanwu, “The Book of National Diseases of Tianxia County”.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.