According to foreign media reports, researchers at the Indian Institute of Science and Technology (IISc) have developed a low-cost catalyst that can accelerate the decomposition of water, thereby accelerating the production of hydrogen, which is an important step towards large-scale hydrogen production. One method widely used for hydrogen production is to use electricity to decompose water. Hydrogen is a clean energy source for fuel cell and battery box zero-emission vehicles. In the process of electrolyzing water, one of two main reactions occurs, called Oxygen Evolution Reaction (Oxygen Evolution Reaction). This reaction is very slow, which greatly limits the efficiency of the entire water decomposition process. Researchers are focused on developing better catalysts, materials that can be neutral while accelerating the reaction. Currently, the most effective catalysts are made of precious metals such as ruthenium and platinum, which are both expensive and rare. The Indian Institute of Science and Technology team combined cobalt oxide and sodium phosphate to develop a low-cost catalyst. Ritambhara Gond, a doctoral student at the Material Research Center (MRC) of the Indian Institute of Science and Technology, said that compared with the most advanced RuO2 (ruthenium dioxide) catalyst, the cost of the new material is more than 200 times lower, and the reaction speed is faster. And the material can promote the large-scale application of metal air batteries, fuel cells and electric vehicles. When water is decomposed by electricity under the action of a catalyst, hydrogen atoms will receive electrons from an electrode (negative electrode) to form hydrogen gas, while the positive electrode will precipitate oxygen gas (oxygen evolution reaction). The research members mainly focused on accelerating the latter reaction. Catalysts made of metals such as platinum or ruthenium waste the least energy during the oxygen evolution reaction, so they have the highest efficiency and faster reaction speed. However, due to the high cost and the scarcity, it has hindered the large-scale application of such catalysts. To develop low-cost alternatives, the Indian Institute of Science and Technology team used metaphosphates, which are used for energy storage applications, but not for catalytic applications. The researchers roasted sodium metaphosphate and cobalt oxide together with argon in an oxygen-free furnace to form a partially charred carbon "sheet" covered with cobalt oxide crystals made of sodium metaphosphate. Gond said: "Metaphosphate forms a strong framework that keeps the cobalt oxide intact and shows high stability after the catalytic reaction." This allows the catalyst to remain active for multiple catalytic cycles, Achieve long-term durability. In addition, the carbon bed also improves the conductivity of the catalyst, thus increasing efficiency. The researchers found that compared with other catalysts, the diffusion density of the catalyst they developed (that is, how quickly the reaction can occur) was even higher than that of the ruthenium dioxide catalyst, showing stronger catalytic activity. Gond said: "We are now planning to test this catalyst in a metal-air battery box water splitting device."
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(Source: Indian Institute of Science and Technology)