February 22, 2025

Introduction to sculpture crafts

Sculpture crafts refer to small or decorative handicrafts carved from wood, stone, brick, bamboo, ivory, animal bones and other materials and made of clay, clay, glutinous rice and other materials. It is the general name for carving and shaping crafts.

Introduction to sculpture crafts:

Sculpture has a long history and excellent artistic tradition in China. The earliest appeared were clay sculptures and pottery sculptures. In the late Paleolithic period, bone carvings, stone carvings, wood carvings and ivory carvings appeared. The Neolithic ivory tube unearthed at the Dawenkou site in Ningyang, Shandong Province, has been used to demonstrate skill level. Stone carvings and wood carvings from the Neolithic Age were unearthed at the Daxi site in Wushan, Sichuan. The wood carving "small fish" unearthed from the Hemudu site in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province is a round sculpture, and the technique is realistic.

In the Shang Dynasty, jade carvings and bone carvings and ivory carvings developed rapidly. The varieties were mostly small decorative daily necessities such as combs, sculls, rulers, needles, cymbals, cymbals, cymbals and so on. The above-mentioned carved patterns of Yunlei, 餮, 夔 and phoenix are also inlaid with jade and turquoise; the varieties of stone carving are mostly tombs or architectural decorations. In the Warring States period sites in Changsha, Hunan, Xinyang, and Jiangling, Hubei, many rafts were unearthed. The characters are simple and succinct, paying attention to the demeanor. The clothing patterns are mostly painted and painted, creating a Chinese sculpture process. A colorful plastic art that combines painting, lacquering and sculpture. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, Tao Xun appeared in large numbers, with a wide range of subjects, including attendants, song and dance, rap, acrobatics, and pigs, dogs, horses, etc., in the history of art. The Wadang and the portrait bricks of the Han Dynasty used the engraving technique of line engraving and flattening, which had a great influence on the rise of the brick sculpture in the Song Dynasty.

From the Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, the stone carvings and colorful sculptures in the grottoes and monasteries, as well as the architectural decoration of stone carvings and wood carvings, were also prosperous. The folk sculptures in the Song Dynasty developed rapidly. Pingjiang (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) and Lin'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) became the key production areas for colored plastics. The most famous variety of the Song Dynasty color plastic is Moro, also known as the grinding and drinking music, that is, the small clay doll (for a child holding a lotus leaf), was the sacrifice of the seventh day of July, and later developed into the shape of the traditional colored plastic "water lily boy" . In the Yuan Dynasty, the plastic sculpture absorbed the strengths of the sculptures of the Vatican in Nepal and other countries. The famous craftsmen include Anigo and Liu Yuan. In the Ming Dynasty, bamboo carvings and wood carvings flourished in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai. Among them, bamboo carvings were famous for Jiading in Shanghai. In the Qing Dynasty, ivory carvings in Beijing and Guangzhou, Zhejiang Qingtian stone carvings and Fuzhou Shoushan stone carvings, Guangdong Chaozhou golden lacquer wood carvings, Zhejiang Dongyang wood carvings, and Jiading bamboo carvings all developed greatly. Jiangsu Suzhou carving master Du Shiyuan, Shoushan stone carving master Yang Lan, Jiading bamboo carving master Shi Tianzhang and other Zeng Yingjun served in the court.

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