Many laying hen farms (households) that use premixed materials and concentrates with full-price materials have two aspects that are difficult to control in terms of nutrition regulation, and these two aspects are the main items of feed nutrition for laying hens--energy and calcium. The source of energy in laying hens is mainly corn. The poor quality of corn, including high water content, impurities, moldy grains, granulation granules, cognac granules, disease granules, worm granules, heat damage granules, natural broken granules, mold and mycotoxins pollution, etc., will affect the energy; This is not a bias in the feed formulation design, but a recipe distortion. For example, a large-scale laying hen farm in Shandong uses self-mixed high-yield laying hens. Since the moisture content of corn purchased is 19 (19%), the feed-fed chicken has no abnormal appearance, but it has no peak of egg production. The reason is that the energy is insufficient. According to national standards, the moisture content of forage corn is 14%; while the newly stored corn moisture often reaches 18%-20%. In terms of 60% of the corn used in the compound feed, the moisture in the corn reaches 20%, which is equal to a net increase of 3.6% in the diet, which is equivalent to 5% less corn. The moisture content of corn is high, the crude protein content and digestive energy concentration are decreased, and other nutrient contents are also diluted with the increase of water. As a result, the energy provided by the same share of corn is relatively reduced, resulting in insufficient energy intake for poultry, especially in the cold season, because of the need to consume a lot of heat, it will use protein and fat, which will reduce the storage of eggs and fat in the body and eggs. The formation of transformation, which in turn affects the peak of egg production. Due to insufficient energy, high-yielding laying hens cannot rely on energy to complete the effective deposition of calcium after protein formation, resulting in an increase in the proportion of soft-shell eggs. If the moisture of corn is too high, it will cause mildew in the feed, especially if fishmeal is added during the hot season, and the feed of animal and vegetable oils is more likely to cause mildew. Feed mold can not only cause mold and mycotoxin poisoning, affect the absorption of nutrients, but also lead to poor palatability, reduced feed conversion rate, and even lead to diarrhea, weight loss, growth retardation, immunosuppression, and reproductive dysfunction. Excessive moisture in the feed can also cause some vitamin dehydration to fail (most vitamins are sensitive to water). In order to make up for the lack of energy, many farmers use corn to increase the ratio, add bean cake (because the bean cake contains more oil than soybean meal), and add animal and vegetable oils to the compound feed to increase the feed energy. It is good from the practical effect. It should be noted that the three problems of adding fat to the chicken feed, adding fat and fat to the high-yielding laying hens in summer. A friend of the farmer who had been Jiande in Zhejiang asked the author that the broiler was reduced in feed intake due to hot weather in summer, and the weight was not up to standard. At this time, in order to maintain sufficient energy intake, promote weight compliance and increase palatability, the growing material Is it right to add grease? The author answered that it is right again. Reduced intake due to high temperature will inevitably lead to insufficient energy intake, which is extremely unfavorable for the growth of broiler chickens. Adding oil to promote feeding and retaining sufficient energy is correct; however, the primary goal of breeding chickens is skeleton development. It is long in the humerus, which is to make the bones have sufficient calcium reserves, and secondly to ensure that sexual maturity is synchronized with body maturity, and prepare the material basis for the production. Body weight is one of the indicators to measure the performance of broiler chickens, but the energy level that is sufficient to promote body fat accumulation is not equal to body maturity; in fact, the fatigue syndrome of many high-yield hens, as well as the so-called new hen disease Most of the hypocalcemia caused by dysplasia is related to skeletal dysplasia and insufficient calcium reserve in the bred chicken. The higher the feed concentration, the higher the temperature, the lower the feed intake, and the higher the calcium absorption. Therefore, the calcium content of the bred chicken feed should be increased while the energy is being adjusted. Then, how to regulate the energy and calcium content of high-yielding laying hens in summer? As mentioned above, the higher the feed energy concentration, the higher the temperature, the lower the feed intake, the lower the feed intake is accompanied by the decrease in calcium intake, and the higher the egg production rate, the higher the amount of calcium used. The utilization of calcium in hens during the laying period will be reduced. This requires attention to the actual utilization of calcium. It is estimated that after a few weeks of high-yield hens, the amount of calcium deposition in the thigh bone will drop rapidly. The calcium in the feed of the hens should be 3%-4.5%. An adult hen needs 0.17 grams of calcium per day to maintain body condition, while an egg requires about 2.2 grams of calcium. In addition, the rate of calcium absorption is 55%-60 from the first birth to the middle of laying. %, about 40% after the medium term, therefore, each case of an egg needs to eat 4-4.4 grams of calcium. Therefore, to increase the calcium content while increasing the energy, but also to ensure adequate supply of vitamin D3 to help the absorption of calcium. Also, in farming practice, calcium is often not sufficiently absorbed and utilized in relation to the particle size of calcium. Large-grained calcium can increase bone density and bone mineralization is good, such as shell powder, eggshell powder, and high-quality bone powder. There are many farms that are limited to the condition that only stone powder is used as the calcium source. This kind of mineral calcium has no calcium source of animal calcium, which is unfavorable for maintaining eggshell quality in the middle and late stages of laying. Chickens are more easily absorbed and utilized for animal calcium sources. In practice, 2/3 of shell powder with 1/3 of limestone powder is used as the calcium source and the eggshell is the best. The greater the weight, the more energy is needed to maintain the physiological needs. In the standard environment, for every 100 grams of body weight, 3.5-4 grams of high-quality feed is consumed daily/only. The lower the temperature, the more energy is needed to maintain the physiological needs. In the range of 16 ° C to 24 ° C, for every 1 ° C decrease in temperature, 2-3 g of high-quality feed should be taken daily/only. The energy needs to be proportional to the amount of egg production. For every 1 gram of egg production per day, one day, only one gram of high-quality feed should be eaten. The high-quality feed referred to here refers to feed that meets the standard energy. In this way, raising the corn ratio and adding fat is essential to keep the chicken high. For example, some farms in Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang use self-contained full-price materials, 60%-62% corn, 22.5% soybean meal, and 7-8 kg fresh soybean oil/ton or 1%-2% animal and plant. Mix the oil. The nuclear price is 1.44 yuan / kg - 1.5 yuan / kg. The peak of egg production can be maintained for 3.5-4 months. In Hebei, the ratio of corn and soybean meal is slightly lower, and 1%-2% of animal and plant mixed oil is added. The nuclear price is 1.26-1.3 yuan/kg, which can also maintain 2 - Peak egg production for more than 3 months. In Bayan County, Heilongjiang, the author also saw 68% of corn, 25% of the high nutrient concentration of soybean meal, and the egg laying peak of the laying hen reached more than 6 months. However, the author also noticed that while maintaining high energy, the incidence of fatty liver is quietly rising in some places. For example, some chicken farms in Shandong province that use high-quality corn with high ratio and good soybean oil; northeast corn and soybean main producing areas are relatively cheap, with high energy and protein ratio; and Hebei In the north, dryland corn with long growing season (the crude protein, energy value and oil content of the corn is higher than the short growing corn planted in the irrigated land in the plain area) is used as the feed energy source, and the chicken farm added with wheat bran is lacking. Often the incidence of fatty liver is high, the author saw a farmer in a veterinary clinic in Cangshan County, Shandong Province to buy choline chloride, asked him, said that high yield is high yield, that is, more fatty liver. The household added 12 kg/ton of soybean oil from the ingredients. Therefore, the author believes that the energy regulation should pay attention to the quality of corn and oil, the proportion, season, age, weight, egg production rate, calcium absorption, but also pay attention to the addition of choline chloride, bran Don't cut the ratio of wheat bran by increasing the corn ratio. On the other hand: some small farm farmers tend to have a tendency to use ingredients, that is, the energy is low, and the protein is slightly higher. These proteins are slightly higher, which is supplemented by a cotton mites and other miscellaneous mites. The energy is low, mainly due to the unqualified quality of applied corn. From a purely economic point of view, it seems reasonable, but the use of low-priced corn with a lot of impurities will make the laying energy of the laying hens insufficient. It is precisely because of insufficient energy intake that the hens will make up by increasing the feed intake. The result is that the feed intake is large, the energy is sufficient, and the protein intake is excessive, and some proteins are digested and converted into body fat to accumulate or excrete, resulting in waste. Tapered Roller Bearing ,Taper Bearing,Sealed Tapered Roller Bearings,Tapered Roller Thrust Bearing NINGBO DEMY (D&M) BEARINGS CO.,LTD , https://www.demybmtbearing.com