Acid: 1 Use lime to neutralize acidity, use 40-50 kg per 667 square meters, and apply evenly during soil preparation. The amount of application will be reduced by 1/2 each year until it is converted to neutral or slightly acidic soil. 2 Plant green manure and increase organic matter. 3 increase the number of irrigation (sand irrigation can be implemented in paddy fields), and wash the faint acid substances on the crops. 4 plant acid-tolerant crops, such as rice, rape, mulberry, tea, sweet potato, sugar cane and other acid-resistant and acid-resistant plants. 5 Apply alkaline fertilizer. Such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, phosphate rock powder, plant ash, ammonium bicarbonate, lime nitrogen, ammonia water, etc., have neutralized and improved effects on acidic soil.
Alkali: 1 The use of acidic fertilizers, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, etc., can neutralize alkaline. 2 Planting alkali-tolerant crops, such as cotton, bean crops, hemp, underground crops, etc. 3 Deepen the ploughing layer, dredge the “three ditch†in place, lower the water level, and wash the alkali with water every year. 4 Increase the application of farmyard manure, fertilize the soil texture, promote the formation of pellets, and reduce alkalinity.
Sticky: 1 Add sand to the soil, improve the ploughing, adjust the proportion of sediment, and unify the contradiction between water and fertilizer. 2 Xia Yu Dong Ling, ripening the soil, is conducive to fertilizer and fertilizer. 3 Clean up the “three ditch†to lower the water level and increase soil permeability. 4 Add organic fertilizer and lime to promote the formation of soil aggregate structure and coordinate the contradiction between water, fertilizer and heat.
Sand: 1 Add fertilizer to the farm and add organic matter. 2 plant underground solid crops or drought-tolerant crops, such as sweet potatoes, potatoes, peanuts, millet, sesame, mung beans, soybeans, cotton, etc. 3 Improve the soil texture with the guest soil. 4 planting trees, wind and sand. 5 planting grass green manure.
Cold: 1 Increase the application of farmyard manure and warm feces (骡, horse, poultry manure). 2 "Three Ditch" is in place, lowering the water level, and often cultivating loose soil (the paddy field is muddy grass). 3 more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (lowly available phosphorus and potassium in cold soaked fields), promote roots and strong stalks for high yield. 4 The paddy field is planted in a narrow-box field, and the dry land is cultivated in a ridge field to expand the range of dehumidification and heat preservation. 5 Implementation of water and drought rotation, 2-3 years rotation to reduce pests and diseases.
Thin: 1 planting legume crops and green manure to increase soil nitrogen levels and organic matter. 2 Add fertilizers with high nitrogen content (such as urea). 3 Deepen the tillage layer year by year, promote soil ripening, and simultaneously increase the application of farmyard manure. 4 Implement intensive management, and promote technologies such as film covering, grass cover after planting, and fertilizer application.
Waste: 1 Take effective measures to comprehensively manage the causes of ridiculousness. 2 Scientific planning, unified arrangements, rational breeding and afforestation. 3 Improve the quality of land preparation, increase the multiple cropping index, and implement intercropping. 4 Increase the application of farmyard fertilizers and fertilize the soil.
(434103 Hubei Agricultural College, No. 88 Jingjing Road, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province)
Source of information: Rural practical science and technology information
Low-yield field transformation and fertilization production technology
Low-yield fields are the main obstacle to the current “two high and one excellent†agricultural production. The area of ​​low-yield fields in the country is estimated to be one-third or more. Its characteristics are: acid, alkali, sticky, sand, cold, thin, and wild, resulting in poor soil ploughing, crop growth, low yield, and poor economic returns. The following is an improvement and treatment measure for the inferiority of low-yield fields for reference.
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