February 22, 2025

Rational use of pesticides to improve control effect

As wheat grows into the heading stage, a variety of important pests and diseases have also entered the prosperous period. Among them, there are many types of diseases, and the damage is the most serious. According to the site of occurrence, it can be divided into panicle disease, foliar disease and basal disease. In the late stage of wheat growth, the most effective way to control pests and diseases is to use chemical pesticides for emergency control. When carrying out chemical control of pests and diseases, we must first select high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue, and highly selective pesticides, followed by timely application of correct application methods to ensure safe and efficient use of pesticides.

The pests and diseases that occur in the ear are mainly scab, smut, stalk and wheat stalk, which leads to the decrease of the ear and 1000-grain weight, which can not only cause serious yield reduction, but also the fungus toxin can cause wheat contamination, which should cause highly valued. In addition to smut, it can only be treated with a triazole fungicide such as difenoconazole or tebuconazole for seed treatment before seeding, except for scab, blight, wheat bran, etc. It can be used for prevention and treatment in the flowering stage and the filling stage. Prevention and control of scab and arrow blight can be carried out from the heading to the initial flowering stage, using 25% cyanolide suspending agent (SC) new fungicide 100 ml per acre, or 30% tebuconazole plus thiram (pentan) 90-100 grams of agent, or 40% carbendazim SC 100 ml, 40-50 kg of water for conventional spray, or 20 kg of mist, electrostatic spray control, with mist and electrostatic spray best. It must be noted that if the amount of water spray is insufficient, the effect will be significantly reduced. The control of wheat bran can be controlled 1-2 times with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder (WP) insecticide 20-25 g/mu spray at the initial stage.

The foliar diseases in the late growth stage of wheat are mainly rust (strip rust and leaf rust) and powdery mildew. You can use 20% tebuconazole or propiconazole suspension (SC) 20-40 ml, or 15% triazole before heading. Ketone wettable powder (WP) 60-80 grams, sprayed with water, the amount of water is the same as the control of panicle disease. Continuous spraying of high-efficiency, low-toxicity and selective triazole pesticides in the late growth stage of wheat can prevent wheat scab, sclerotium, rust and powdery mildew, restore yield loss, and effectively control the production of scab. Toxin pollution can also promote wheat growth, enhance photosynthesis, resist dry hot winds and delay aging, and significantly increase wheat yield.

The basic diseases in the late growth stage of wheat are mainly sheath blight and total erosion, which can cause premature aging of wheat and even death of plants. These two diseases mainly occur at the base of the plant, and it is difficult to control with the fungicide in the late stage of wheat growth, because it is difficult to apply the agent to the base of the infected wheat stem, and even if the systemic fungicide is selected, it cannot move to the base in the wheat body. Therefore, we should reduce the occurrence of diseases by controlling the humidity in the field. (College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University)
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