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On December 10, the National Development and Reform Commission announced the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Connection of Coal Production and Transportation in 2011", requiring that the price of key thermal coal contracts in 2011 be maintained at the same level as the previous year, and that prices should not be disguised in any form.
Our reporter was informed that this notice has already reached all provinces, cities and coal enterprises as early as December 6. Price is the most sensitive factor in coal ordering. Under the intervention of administrative prices, the market-oriented reforms of the original coal-fired “autonomous connection and negotiated orders†were blocked by this notice only one year later.
The head of the price department of the National Development and Reform Commission explained: "The government's intervention in coal price is a special policy in a special period. Stabilizing the overall price level and managing inflation expectations is the current top priority. State-owned large coal enterprises should take the lead in stabilizing coal prices and take the initiative to share concerns for the government. â€
chain reaction
People close to the decision-making level told reporters that the central high-level officials have repeatedly issued instructions on coal production and transportation, requiring relevant departments to strengthen coal-electricity coordination and do a good job in coal production and transportation in 2011.
On December 15, 2009, the National Development and Reform Commission announced the “Guiding Opinions of the National Development and Reform Commission on Improving the Needs for the Coordination of Coal Production and Transportationâ€, terminating the annual coal order fair and replacing it with a network summary. This was originally the most determined step in the national coal marketization.
However, the "limit order" issued on December 6, 2010 made coal companies unprepared. One of the reasons is that the difference between the key coal price and the market coal price is too high.
Shanxi coal management person said: "In 2010, the national key thermal coal contract price is 520 yuan / ton, and the market coal has a price difference of 200 yuan / ton. If the key contract coal price remains unchanged this year, which means the contract amount Big, who has more losses."
“In Shanxi, for example, Tongmei Coal Mine and Pingyi Coal Mine will increase the contracted coal price by 10 million tons this year. The two enterprises will lose 2 billion yuan in resource prices. In the face of huge price difference, no coal company is willing to sign key electricity. Coal contract." The above-mentioned person told this reporter.
In order to reduce the loss of price, many coal industry experts predict that in 2011, coal enterprises will turn more to coal spot transactions, increase supply contracts with fertilizers, steel and other enterprises to reduce key contracts for coal.
The fairness of the “limit order†is another issue that coal companies are asking.
A state-owned coal middle-level manager who did not want to disclose his name said: "The 'price limit order' only restricts state-owned coal mines, and local enterprises can let them increase their fares; in contract management, the state only strictly restricts coal enterprises, but to power companies. However, in terms of system design, the state does not have the role of coordinating transportation and electricity in the coal price journey."
According to the explanation, coal enterprises have to choose long-distance transportation of roads because of insufficient transportation capacity of coal railways. From the factory to the terminal, the coal transportation and sales links sit on the ground and increase the coal price. “In Shanxi, the road sales price has been raised several times within one month. The state should also increase supervision over the transportation link.â€
Because the NDRC "limit order" was introduced, it even restricted the signing of contracts between coal and electricity.
A middle-level coal enterprise in Heilongjiang told this reporter that “in 2008, local coal-fired power companies signed a price agreement under the coordination of the Heilongjiang government, that is, the price of key thermal coal remained unchanged within three years from 2008, and the price of coal after 2011 will With reference to the increase in market prices, today, because of the 'limit price order', the negotiations between the two sides have reached a stalemate."
An official of the Hebei Coal Management Bureau has the same confusion. He said that “the power company has stabilized the coal source and increased the contract rate of the coal contract. It has proposed to sign a medium- and long-term contract with the coal company and agreed to increase the contract price. But the National Development and Reform Commission As soon as the price limit policy comes out, the price increase is more difficult."
Coal enterprise modification means
Although the National Development and Reform Commission has strict price restrictions, coal companies still have alternative means.
A coal company official found the loopholes. The NDRC's price limit policy appears to be harsh, but the statement is very general. For example, the NDRC requires the price of coal in 2011 to remain unchanged, which is not adjusted at this stage, or one month or two months. Do not adjust within the limit price limit, the company needs to grasp."
Another coal enterprise manager told reporters that "in the current special period, the price limit policy must be implemented without compromise. However, enterprises can be quantified on an annual basis, quarterly pricing, and prices vary with the market. As long as the loss of power plants does not ease, coal Enterprises are always in an active position."
Another consensus of coal companies is that the “limit order†is difficult to implement and has commonality with the previous price policy of the National Development and Reform Commission.
An example of a coal industry manager in a province said that on June 25 this year, the National Development and Reform Commission notified the coal enterprises to follow the annual contract coal price this year. The coal enterprises that have increased their prices should be returned before the end of June; state-owned coal enterprises and leading enterprises in the industry should take the lead. The market coal price is basically stable and cannot lead the price increase.
"But in the price inspection process, it is difficult to implement 100%, and the implementation effect varies from place to place. This time is no exception. Coal enterprises still need to get rid of their dependence on railway transportation capacity and build integrated transportation systems such as highways, ports and waterways. To make resources more market-oriented." The manager told reporters.
For another example, the National Development and Reform Commission has stated that “the coal-producing land shall not restrict the export of coal from the provinceâ€. However, this policy cannot be implemented. Local governments can formulate a "earth policy" to prevent the outflow of resources.
The person in charge of a provincial energy bureau said frankly, “In order to ensure local power supply, the railway transportation department signed a responsibility with the provincial governor. The local power plant’s coal inventory is less than 6 million tons, and coal transportation is not allowed. The local hardship is that the province’s power plants are in short supply. During the coal shutdown phase, it is difficult to have a rich coal outbound."
Even if the coal companies are all flexible, they can't cure the problem. Coal-electricity linkage is the core path to resolve the contradiction between coal and coal.
In 2005, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Notice on Establishing the Coal-Electric Price Linkage Mechanism", with a half-year period. If the price of thermal coal increases by 5% or more, the on-grid tariff will be adjusted accordingly. However, the above scheme was not implemented.
According to the monitoring of the Price Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, from January to October this year, the loss of the power industry reached 44%. The price reform official of the National Development and Reform Commission said: "Considering inflation expectations, coal-fired power linkage is difficult to implement in a short-term manner. The state hopes that coal enterprises will benefit the electricity and ease the losses of power companies. If coal enterprises continue to push up prices, it is tantamount to 'killing chickens and taking eggs.'"
Jiang Zhimin, vice chairman of the China Coal Industry Association, agrees with this statement. He said, "The long-term loss of the power industry is not a good thing for coal companies. According to the current coal cost and coal price calculation, the coal industry has profit margins, this year 1~ In October, the industry achieved profitability. In the current special environment, the coal industry should consider making electricity conducive to electricity companies."
Development and Reform Commission tools
In the face of corporate policies, there are still countermeasures. The NDRC still has control tools. Capacity is one of them.
The Economic Development Bureau of the National Development and Reform Commission said: "Some places do not consider coal resources, capacity allocation and price conditions, and sign contracts that cannot be executed or cannot be honored. After the supply problem, both coal and electricity companies are not responsible. In the future, the regulations are If the contract is not completed and entered into the network system within the time, the capacity will not be connected."
The National Development and Reform Commission has clearly stated that the allocation of coal resources and capacity will be tilted towards medium- and long-term contracts, key coal-using industries and enterprises with high contract fulfillment rates; enterprises inclined to railway strategic loading points, large customers, and road enterprises. Enterprises with low contract fulfillment rates are not allowed to increase capacity.
In order to ensure the performance of the contract, the NDRC requires that “all railway bureaus and ports shall not allocate capacity to coal mines or users before the coal mining enterprises submit sales contracts.â€
In addition, the "Notice" stated: "Guided supply and demand enterprises to extend the key thermal coal contract with a single quantity of more than 300,000 tons (including 300,000 tons) in 2010 to 2011, and the railway capacity allocation will remain unchanged in the previous year."
However, in the interpretation of the Economic Development Bureau of the National Development and Reform Commission, the “coal enterprises must continue to be in 2011.â€
While limiting coal prices, there are also good information for coal companies. The National Development and Reform Commission stated in the "Notice" that "all kinds of fees and funds collected in the current coal production and sales process in various regions and departments will be cleaned up, and fees and funds set up by local governments and relevant departments will be eliminated. The integration is similar. Repeatedly set fees and funds to reduce the burden on coal companies."
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The NDRC issued a price limit for coal, which caused coal companies to question fairness
Price intervention began to take place.