Vegetable detoxification processing technology

Vegetable carp (Rapeseed cake) is a high-protein feed with great value, containing protein 35%--40%, digestible energy 10.46--12. 55kj/kg, calcium 0.61%, phosphorus 0.95%, and iron. , copper, manganese, selenium and other trace elements and multivitamins, but because of the anti-nutritional factors such as mustard, erucic acid, phytic acid and tannin, its use and dosage are greatly reduced. Mustard seed encounters mustard enzyme or can produce a variety of toxic substances in the digestive tract, causing porcine goiter, digestive tract and liver and kidney damage; erucic acid can hinder animal growth; phytic acid can combine with calcium, magnesium and zinc, affecting Body development; in addition to bitter taste, tannin also hinders protein digestion. Therefore, the rapeseed must be detoxified for feed.

In the past, the methods of detoxification of rapeseed meal mainly include lye neutralization method, soil burying method, immersion method, silage method and ammonia treatment method, but they are not ideal. Some methods lose some nutrition of rapeseed meal, and some methods are troublesome. The method takes a long time, and some methods have wastewater discharge and pollute the environment.

Recently, the author used the high-activity biological preparations produced by Shandong Zaozhuang Animal Health Products Co., Ltd. to detoxify the rapeseed meal and achieved good results. The highly active biological preparation is a kind of high-efficiency active bacteria preparation which is compounded by strains such as lactic acid bacteria, yeast bacteria, bacillus and white mold fungus. By fermenting the rapeseed cake, it can not only remove the toxic components, but also increase the beneficial components in the rapeseed cake.

Specific steps and methods of detoxification:

1. Raw material processing: The main raw material is vegetable mash, and the machine pressed rapeseed cake is best pulverized first (the pulverizer sieve pore size is 2mm), and the auxiliary materials are bran and corn flour. The raw materials are mixed according to 90% of rapeseed cake (,), 5% of bran, and 5% of corn flour.

2. Inoculation of microorganisms: The inoculation amount is controlled at 1% - 2%. Before inoculation, the high-activity biological preparation (dry powder) is revived, put into about 10 times the amount of warm water, stirred and dissolved, and placed. 1--2 hours to increase the activity of the strain.

3. Raw material conditioning: The amount of water added is 55%--60% of the weight of the material, and the specific amount is flexibly controlled according to the humidity in the room.

4. Mixing: Add the microbial solution and mix well.

5. Fermentation: Mix the mixed feed into the fermentation tank or other fermentation vessel, ferment for about 48 hours at 15--20 °C, wait until the surface grows white mycelium, the color of the feed turns brown, there is obvious wine Fermentation and ripeness are obtained when the aroma and the acidity are scented.

The fermented mature feed can be combined with energy feed such as corn, and other additives are added to make a full-price feed.

Since the fermentation time is relatively short, it is possible to prevent and control the fermentation of the fermented material by other bacteria. In addition, the beneficial bacteria in the high-activity biological preparations grow in a large amount, and produce products such as bacterial proteins, amino acids, vitamins, proteases, amylases, etc., which can improve the nutritional value of rapeseed meal. The tannin content in rapeseed meal can be reduced by about 50%, which improves the palatability of rapeseed meal.

The author's farm uses this method to detoxify the vegetable meal to replace the soybean meal to feed the pig in a ratio of 1.3:1, in which the sow replaces 80%, the 60kg or more fattening pig replaces 40%, and the 30--60kg fattening pig replaces 30%. Almost the same effect as pure soybean meal feeding. Local dishes are 1100 yuan / ton, while soybean meal 2400 yuan / ton. After 3 months of testing, 2.3 tons of detoxified vegetable meal was used, and the cost of high-activity biological preparations was only 30 yuan, but the consumption of soybean meal was reduced by 1.5 tons, and the cost was reduced by 100 yuan.