February 22, 2025

How do fertilizers feed nutrients in the soil?

After the fertilizer is applied to the soil, its nutrients are absorbed and utilized by the crops, only a small part, which is 1/3 to 1/2 of the amount of fertilizer applied. Most of the remaining nutrients are lost in the unreasonable situation. Taking the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers we usually apply as an example, after applying to the soil, the fate of the nutrient generally includes the following four types: 1 being used by crops; 2 being leached by water; 3 being gaseous volatilized; 4 soil Residual.

In the different soils, the number of the above four destinations varies greatly. Taking ammonium sulfate as an example, it is applied on the surface of cultivated land. On the calcareous soil (alkaline) and non-calcium (acidic) soil, its nitrogen nutrients are absorbed and utilized by crops, which are respectively 22.5% of the amount used. 50%; the remaining part in the soil was 26.3% and 21.4%, respectively. It can be seen that on alkaline soils, the loss of nitrogen is greater than that of acidic soils. Among the nitrogen fertilizers, the stability of ammonium sulfate is the best. If it is replaced by urea and ammonium bicarbonate, the loss will be more, and their utilization rate is less than 30% of the applied amount. Nitrogen losses are mostly gaseous and some are lost. Phosphorus fertilizer is applied to the soil, and most of its phosphorus nutrients remain in the soil, accounting for 80% of the total application. The phosphorus remaining in the soil can be used by the lower crops, and the phosphorus nutrients are rare. There are cases of water leaching and gaseous volatilization. Potassium fertilizer is applied to the soil, and its potassium nutrient crop utilization rate is relatively high among these three nutrients, generally around 50%. (Shandong Shouguang Agricultural Bureau Hu Yongjun)
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