November 19, 2024

The impact of fertilizer damage on cotton production is disturbing

In recent years, in the process of promoting new varieties of cotton and technical services in cotton areas, we often encounter problems in farmers' application of fertilizers. First, some cotton seedlings are used to prepare soil, and too much farmyard manure or chemical fertilizer is applied in the bauxite, so that some cotton seeds are sown after rotten or dead seedlings, and some of them are relatively homogeneous, but with The occurrence of burning roots and dead seedlings; the second is that after the seedling cotton is emerged, the excessive application of flushing fertilizer will burn all the cotyledons of the cotton seedlings; the third is to apply the fertilizer to the plow before the cotton seedlings are transplanted. In the ditch, or apply the chemical fertilizer to the acupoints, the roots of the seedlings and the applied fertilizer are not separated by fine soil. The roots of the cotton seedlings are directly contacted with the fertilizer, and the young roots and young stems are fertilized. After the damage, it becomes brown or blackened. The light cotton seedlings are stiff and not hairy, and the serious seedlings are dead; the fourth is excessive application of urea or ammonium bicarbonate such as ammonium bicarbonate during the bud period, or the high-efficiency multi-component fertilizer is excessive, and the fertilization is not stressful. Cost, blindly pursuing early cotton yielding shelves, the result is that the cotton is mad, the closure is too early, the cotton field is severely shaded, causing serious occurrence of pests such as blind mites, causing the buds to fall off a lot, especially in the rainy years. More common; five is flowers During the period of seeing heavy rain, I rushed to apply urea. The urea dissolved quickly after the rain. The fertilizer concentration in the cotton field suddenly increased. After the rain, it turned sharply. The cotton leaf evaporated greatly. The water in the cotton plant quickly produced reverse osmosis. Loss of water, so that the lower stems and leaves of the cotton plant are like burns, and the serious whole cotton is dead and cannot be saved.

Increasing fertilizer input is an effective stimulation measure to increase nutrient in cotton fields, improve soil fertility and improve cotton nutrition. However, blindly fertilizing without scientific research is an artificial disaster for cotton, resulting in reduced cotton production. The reduction is caused by its own reasons. We should conscientiously sum up the lessons learned, scientifically grasp the cotton fertilization technology, and obtain the maximum cotton planting benefits with the least amount of investment.

First of all, it is necessary to apply fertilizer according to the fertilizer requirement of cotton. Cotton needs fertilizer generally less in the early stage, more stable in the medium term, and more in the later period. Therefore, cotton fertilization should be done to apply the base fertilizer, quick application of seedling fertilizer, stable application of bud fertilizer, application of flower bell fertilizer, general application of peach fertilizer.

Secondly, it is necessary to fertilize due to the cause of nature. For example, early-maturing varieties should be applied to peach fertilizer for preventing premature aging, and transgenic hybrid insect-resistant cotton should increase the amount of potassium fertilizer, not less than 60 kg per mu. Fertilizers with high fertility should be less fertilized, and those with poor soil fertility should be added with organic fertilizer. When the weather is dry, it is necessary to rob the fertilization, adjust the fertilizer with water, and pay attention to the fertilization after the rain.

Third, it is necessary to account for cost-effective fertilization. First, we must pay attention to the ratio of input and output. Take 600 kg of seed cotton per mu as an example. The input of fertilizer per mu should not exceed 300 yuan. The second is to apply deep fertilizer. The fertilizer should not be applied to the surface of the soil, so that it can be volatilized or lost. Applying before the rain, fertilization can not damage the root system; third, the application of fertilizer should be applied in several stages, the amount of one dose should not be too large, the prospect of controlled slow release fertilizer is good, and it can be gradually expanded on the basis of experiment and demonstration; fourth is fertilization It must be closely integrated with chemical regulation so that the limited fertilizer can be applied in a well-balanced manner, giving the cotton a stable and high-yield plant type.
Farmers Daily Author: Zhang Yuhong
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