The selection criteria of labor protection articles for enterprises

Labor protection articles are tools used to prevent unsafe or occupational harmful factors in the workplace and to prevent work accidents or occupational diseases. How companies choose labor protection products is very important for protecting the lives and health of employees.

Legal requirements for the use of protective equipment for labor

The "Safety Production Act" stipulates that "production and business units must provide employees with labor protection products that meet national or industry standards."

The Occupational Disease Prevention Law stipulates: “Employers must adopt effective occupational disease prevention measures and provide workers with personal protective equipment for personal use”, and “providing occupational disease prevention supplies must meet the requirements for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases, and must not be used if they do not meet the requirements. ."

In the above two methods, the word "must" is used. The first level of meaning is to emphasize the importance of labor protection articles, not dispensable material welfare treatment, but to protect production safety and prevent industrial accidents and occupational diseases; The meaning of the second floor is to emphasize the quality of labor protection articles. Labor protection articles that do not meet national standards or industry standards cannot be used.

(I) Classification of Labor Protection Products

1. General labor protection supplies

Such labor protection articles are the general term for labor protection articles that are not currently included in the scope of industrial production licenses and do not implement safety mark management.

2. Special labor protection products

Such labor protection articles must undergo quality certification and be subject to industrial production licenses and safety signs. The products that are listed in the industrial production license or safety mark management catalogue are called special labor protection articles. These products include: safety helmets, impact eye protectors, welding eye protectors, dust masks, filter gas masks, self-contained air respirator ※, long tube respirator ※, protective toe safety shoes, plastic surface Anti-smashing safety shoes, anti-puncture safety shoes, acid and alkali resistant shoes, acid and alkali resistant rubber boots, acid and alkali plastic molded boots, electrical insulating shoes, conductive shoes, anti-static shoes, anti-acid work clothes, anti-static overalls, flame retardant work clothes , safety belts, safety nets, and dense-minded safety nets.

For the above-mentioned special labor protection articles, enterprises must check whether there is an industrial production license or safety mark when they are selected (products with ※ only send safety signs, and products with no ※ must have two certificates); whether the two certificates are within the validity period.

(II) Selection Principles and Standards

1. Choose according to harmful factors in the workplace

(1) Dust harmful factors

There are 47 kinds of dust specified in the Occupational Exposure Limits of Harmful Factors in the Workplace (GBZ2-2002). These dusts are harmful to human health. The dust in the air in the workplace exceeds the limit, and the respirator against particles should be used. Among them, self-priming filter-type particulate respirator products should meet the requirements of the GB2626-2006 standard (implemented on December 1, 2006). Air filter products should meet the LD6-1991 electric air filter dust respirator general technical conditions and other standards.

(2) Chemical harmful factors

In the "Occupational Exposure Limits of Harmful Factors in the Workplace" GBZ2-2002, there are 329 kinds of toxic substances. Wherever the workplace exceeds the limit, in addition to anti-poisoning engineering measures, personal protective equipment should also be provided. These antivirus respiration products should comply with the general requirements for filter gas mask GB2890-1995, GB8159 self-rescue carbon monoxide self-rescuer and other requirements; gas supply antivirus products should meet the GB17556 standard for self-contained compressed air respirator.

(3) Physical harmful factors

Physical hazards in the workplace include exposure limits for ionizing radiation, classification of high-temperature operations, lasers, local vibration, meteorological conditions at underground mining sites, physical labor intensity grading standards, physiological limits for heart rate and energy consumption during physical operation, and ultraviolet radiation, Infrared radiation, noise level limits, etc. are provided in GBZ1-2002 and GBZ2-2002. For different harmful factors, appropriate protective articles may be selected. For example, goggles and masks and welding goggles that are protected against ultraviolet and infrared radiation shall meet the requirements of GB/T 3609.1-1994 welding eye protection equipment; Flame retardant protective clothing should meet the requirements of GB8965-1998.

Electrostatic and electrical hazards in the workplace should use anti-static overalls and anti-static shoes, the product should meet the requirements of GB12014 and GB4385; to prevent electrical hazards should use electrified shielded clothing or high-voltage electrostatic protective clothing and electrical insulating shoes (boots), electricity Protective gloves and other protective equipment, its products should meet the standards of GB6568.1-2000, GB18146-2000, GB12011-2000 and GB17622-1998.

Machines, blows, and cutting injury workplaces should use helmets, safety shoes, protective gloves, goggles and other protective equipment, and meet national standards.

(4) Biological harmful factors

For example, contact with skin, animal-induced anthrax infection, brucellosis infection, and encephalitis infection caused by deforestation cause medical personnel to contact patients and cause bacterial and viral infections. When respiratory protection products are used in these places, the products should meet the technical requirements of GB19083-2003 medical protective masks; the selection of protective clothing products should meet the technical requirements of GB19082-2003 medical disposable protective clothing.

2. According to job category selection

In GB/T 11651, “Regulations for the Selection of Protective Equipment for Labor Protection”, 38 types of operations are stipulated on how to use protective equipment. For example, high-level operations (such as construction and installation of wire, high-bay operations, and stacking of goods) should be selected for safety. Caps, seat belts, and non-slip work shoes, where there are objects falling and impacting (such as construction and installation, metallurgy, mining, drilling, shipbuilding, lifting, and forest harvesting) helmets and safety shoes should be used.

3. According to the determination of harmful factors in the workplace

If the workplace dust concentration is low, use the disposable anti-particle respirator class KN95; if the dust is an asbestos fiber, you should use KN100 respirator (replaceable half mask or full face mask); such as the workplace harmful Substances are hypoxic (oxygen content below 19.5% in air) or highly toxic substances. When the concentration is high and life threatening, isolated protective equipment such as air respirator or oxygen respirator should be used.

4. According to the harmful substances on the human body to select parts

If the harmful substances can harm the head, ears, eyes, breathing, arms, body, skin, feet, etc., the corresponding protective articles should be selected according to different parts.

5. Select according to body size

Personal protective equipment can only exert the best protection function when matched with the individual's size. Therefore, when selecting personal protective equipment, different models should be available for users to choose.

Labor protection supplies are not optional items. They are the last line of defense to protect the safety and health of employees. Employers should follow national laws and regulations, distribute labor protection articles for employees, and use industrial production licenses and safety signs. Products, select products that meet national or industry standards.

China Labor Insurance Network