The Institute of Paul Scherrer in Switzerland and the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH) succeeded in developing a miniature chemical reactor in the laboratory based on the earlier German technology. With this reactor, people can Greener and more economical production of gasoline and diesel. The reactor consists of only a few nanometer-sized zeolite crystals. The researchers changed the crystal structure and produced the fuel in two steps. The use of industrial methods to produce fuel has long existed. As early as 1925, the German chemists Franz-Fischer and Hans-Topsil developed a production of hydrocarbons, such as gasoline and diesel, using synthetic gases—carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It was originally hoped that synthetic gas would be produced from Germany's rich coal, and then natural gas would be used as raw material, but wood, sludge or crop straw would replace this function in the future. This Fischer-Tropsch process has long been tested in industry and its production costs are much more expensive than conventional petroleum-based fuels. If a multi-functional reactor can be made that undertakes several necessary conversion steps, the cost of this method will be much lower. However, at present, each conversion step requires an independent reactor, which undoubtedly pushes up the manufacturing cost. The newly developed nanoreactor now only needs to perform two steps of the Fischer-Tropsch process, each of which requires a separate reactor. The first reactor takes on the first step, converting the synthesis gas into various hydrocarbons, which also have the composition of gasoline. The first step also produced unwelcome long-chain hydrocarbons, which also exist in fuel oil. In order to increase the higher-value short-chain hydrocarbon components in the end product, it is necessary to implement the second step, ie, cracking. The undesired long-chain molecules in the cleavage break down into short-chain molecules. This is an important step in the new nanoreactor. To make this nanoreactor, scientists used zeolite nanocrystals. The crystal structure of the zeolite has many pores of the same size, which provide a surface for chemical reactions and increase the efficiency of the reactor. Because all the pores are almost the same size, the zeolite reactor can work like a sieve. The uniform pore size limits the product type to a molecular level that can pass through the pores.
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